Friday, 4 November 2011

盧龍光:因信稱義不是教義

  • 有教義的產生是沒有處境的嗎? 是處境的產物就不是教義?
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華聯會培靈奮興大會
盧龍光:因信稱義不是教義
(11月3日消息)
潘樂敏
【時代論壇訊】由香港華人基督教聯會主辦第十七屆培靈奮興大會已於昨日起一連七日於尖沙咀浸信會舉行,今屆講題為「福音是上帝的大能」,邀得崇基學院神學院院長盧龍光牧師主講。首場講題為「不以福音為恥」,約有六百二十人出席。
盧龍光指出「因信稱義」不是教義,而是處境的產物。保羅在羅一16-17提出的觀點,其實是回應羅馬教會就當時猶太人和外邦人的爭執衝突,提出以 「信心」作為信仰的共同基礎,而非以割禮或舊約要求的生活規範分別誰是真正信徒。盧龍光認為現時信徒以「因信稱義」作為基督教、羅馬書的核心乃受馬丁路德 改教影響,但應留意馬丁路德以此作為宗教改革基礎也有其處境,因此信徒宜在讀經時返回成書處境,並加入想像力理解經文,再思其當代意義。
直接從聖經認識保羅
盧龍光首先指出羅馬書在教會歷史的重要性,指此書是福音書和使徒行傳後首卷 福音書,亦曾影響奧古斯汀悔改、馬丁路德改教。當時馬丁路德以「因信稱義」作神學立場,當代亦有學者麥格夫整理因信稱義的發展,認為因信稱義是「現時教義 的基礎,一旦動搖,基督教就會倒下來。」約翰衛斯理、神學家巴特亦受羅馬書影響甚深,「巴特的神學回應當時以人為中心的神學,雖是矯枉過正,但保羅確實為 此帶來衝擊,『上帝』一字在羅馬書出現最多亦反映出其以上帝為中心,上帝的大能與人相遇亦是巴特的神學基礎,因此試圖在其處境中恢復以上帝為中心的信 息。」
盧龍光認為,雖然普遍信徒都相信「因信稱義」是羅馬書的中心信息,但實則是「書中很多信息被簡化為只得因信稱義,並以系統神學角度理解。」直到二十 世紀七十年代,新約學者開始發現羅馬書有不少處境性的內容,馬丁路德選擇以「因信稱義」更新信仰,但這不是保羅想要表達的信息,所以信徒應直接從聖經認識 保羅。
猶太、外邦信徒均需上帝拯救
馬丁路德當時十分關注「如何從上帝的審判中得釋放」的問題,「有時 認罪後,還是發現自己會重犯」,因此從羅一16-17中發現「義人必因信得生」而非因任何行為,「從頭到尾都是信」。加上當時的天主教會賣贖罪劵圖利,而 不以告解、善行表達悔改決心,配合其經歷就得出「行為沒有用」的結論,並提出唯獨信心、唯獨恩典、唯獨聖經。
盧 龍光明言,第十七節提及的「信心」固然重要,但開首的「因為」表現了十六節其實是整句的結論。十六節中提及「不以福音為恥」,是因為當時的信徒都以福音為 恥,外邦人難以無故歸信死囚,而猶太人普遍關心的是復國問題,自然會認為耶穌的死十分羞辱。況且,當時羅馬教會的猶太人和外邦人多有衝突爭執,猶太人視外 邦人為不被上帝揀選的次等人,外邦人則視猶太人為亡國奴。可是保羅在此處境中,正要提出「兩方都需要上帝的拯救,這就是福音的大能。」因此,保羅在第一章 中心句一開首就說「不以福音為恥」,上帝的義要藉福音顯明,而猶太信徒和外邦信徒的共同基礎就是信心──「因信稱義」乃用作支持這最重要的信息。
華聯會培靈奮興大會一連七場各場分題為「不以福音為恥」、「上帝憤怒的顯明」、「上帝審判人的行為」、「上帝不偏待人」、「上帝的義加給一切信的人」、「亞伯拉罕因信稱義的榜樣」、「藉耶穌基督與上帝和好」。詳情可參該會網頁:http://dev.livingtab.com/hkcccu_cms/news1.php?id=3
http://christiantimes.org.hk,2011.11.03)

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